Dr Hartmut Pröbstle studied physics at the University of Würzburg, where he completed his doctorate in experimental physics on nanostructured materials in electrochemical energy storage systems. He has been employed at BMW AG since 2003, where he managed several E/E project scopes in the introduction of start-stop and 48 V recuperation systems. He is currently responsible for the virtual design of electrical power supply systems for future vehicle generations.